Music Is a Piece of Art That Goes in the Ears Straight to the Heart Quote

I. Definition

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs tune and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "colour" of a musical audio). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; in that location are solely instrumental pieces, solely song pieces (such equally songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The give-and-take derives from Greek μουσική (mousike; "art of the Muses"). In its most full general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and then on), the criticism of music, the report of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers divers music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically equally harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can exist music, saying, for example, "In that location is no noise, simply audio."

(source: Wikipedia)

"There is no noise, only sound." – John Muzzle, 20th Century composer

II. History

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Music is a composition of three important elements which are rhythm, melody, and harmony. The roots of Western music are strongly influenced by classical music. Tracing back its history, classical music is divided into half dozen different periods which includes music from the Gregorian chants to Beethoven'due south symphonies to the contemporary artists

The longest and most distant era or menses of musical history is the Medieval Era, otherwise known as the Middle Age Period. During this catamenia, the Church was the middle of social life, learning, and the arts. In the early on centuries of the Christian Church building, Saint Gregory, who was Pope at that fourth dimension, arranged and collected choral works in the form of chants, at present called the Gregorian dirge. This is music composed with a unmarried melodic line. Polyphony, on the other mitt, is music with 2 or more than melodic lines in one harmony. The musical notation used is neumes, which is very different from what is used now.

In the Renaissance Period, composers were more recognized and more expressive than in the previous era. The drove of instrumental music became more than varied along with the invention of new musical instruments. Secular music too became more common which at present included other forms like motets, madrigals, and songs. Polyphonic lines were used in a unlike mode. The development of music during this flow was mainly in Rome since the Church occupied a dominant position in society. Most of the works by the composers are in Latin.

The nativity of the opera occurred during the beginning of the Bizarre Era. Orfeo, the start opera, was equanimous past Claudio Monteverdi. Musical instruments became more popular and became the master sources of music. Music in this menstruation was richly textured, highly metaphorical, and was used to express human emotion or draw natural phenomenon. The Four Seasons past Antonio Vivaldi is a expert example. During this era, concerto became the nearly popular music genre.

Music in the Classical Period was rather curious since very little development was done to alter the musical language other than the abolishment of polyphony. The orchestra was built-in during this period. This was also the era of famous composers such as Mozart and Beethoven. Musical writing was rather simple but musical harmony was developed.

The Romantic Era was more than reminiscent and music was expressed with such spontaneity, fantasy, and sensitivity. The color of audio became an essential tool for human expression through music. This period also became the golden age for virtuoso composers, immortalized by such greats every bit Franz Schubert and Peter Tchaikovsky.

Around 1900, the face up of music changed, ushering in new possibilities. Music of the 20th Century is a continuation of the Romantic era, but more reactive to romanticism. Popular and classical music became distinct from one some other. Composers began to experiment with the different elements of music, creating their ain borrowed chords. The advancement of applied science also created a groovy impact in the development of music in this catamenia.

(source: http://world wide web.zzounds.com/edu–musichistory)

Iii. Genres

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There are dissimilar genres that may capture the hearts of a listener.

• Alternative music
• Blues
• Classical music
• Country
• Trip the light fantastic
• Easy Listening
• Electronic
• European (Folk/Popular)
• Hiphop/Rap
• Indie pop
• Inspirational
• Asian
• Jazz
• Latin
• New Age
• Opera
• Popular
• R&B
• Reggae
• Rock
• Globe music
• and many others. (source: Wikipedia)

IV. Instruments

Brass Music

Brass instruments are made of brass or some other metal and make audio when air is blown inside. The musician's lips must buzz, equally though making a "raspberry" noise against the mouthpiece. Air then vibrates inside the instrument, which produces a sound. Brass instruments include trumpet, trombone, tuba, French horn, cornet, and bugle.

Percussion Music

Most percussion instruments brand sounds when they are hit, such as a drum or a tambourine. Others are shaken, such as maracas, and all the same others may exist rubbed, scratched, or any else will make the musical instrument vibrate and thus produce a sound. Percussion instruments include drums, cymbals, triangle, chimes, tam-tam, glockenspiel, timpani, bells, and xylophone.

Strings Music

Yeah, the sounds of string instruments come from their strings. The strings may be plucked, as in a guitar or harp; bowed, as with a cello or a violin; or struck, as with a dulcimer. This creates a vibration that causes a unique sound. Stringed instruments include the violin, viola, cello, bass, harp, and dulcimer.

Woodwinds Music

Woodwind instruments produce audio when air (wind) is blown within. Air might be blown across an border, as with a flute; between a reed and a surface, every bit with a clarinet; or between two reeds, as with a bassoon. The sound happens when the air vibrates inside. Woodwind instruments include flute, piccolo, clarinet, recorder, bassoon, and oboe.

(source: http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0885967.html)

V. Timeline

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325

Constantine declares Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. The spread of Christianity in the western world spurred the development of European music.

600

Pope Gregory the Great codifies and collects the chant, which is used in Roman Catholic services and is named the Gregorian chant in his laurels.

c. 850

Western music begins to motion from monophony to polyphony with the vocal parts in church music moving in parallel intervals.

c. 1030

Guido of Arezzo, an Italian monk, develops a system for learning music by ear. Vox students oft use the system, chosen solfège, to memorize their vocal exercises. In the 19th century, solf ège developed into the tonic sol-fa organization used today.

c. 1180

Troubadours appear in Germany and call themselves minnesingers, "singers virtually honey."

1430

The Renaissance begins. This rebirth favors the simplistic virtues of Greek and Roman Archetype styles, moves from polyphony to 1 harmonized melody and sees the increased importance and popularity of secular music. Josquin Desprez, frequently chosen the Prince of Music, is a leading composer of the Renaissance. He worked for ducal courts in Italy and France, at the Sistine Chapel and for kings Louis Eleven and Louis XII.

1562

In Pope Pius IV's Counter-Reformation, he restores church music to its pure vocal course past eliminating all instruments except the organ, whatsoever prove of secularism, harmony and folk melody. Giovanni Da Palestrina satisfies the pope'south rigid requirements and creates a new spiritual style that legend says "saved polyphony" when he writes Pope Marcellus Mass, his almost famous and enchanting piece.

1565

In Italian music, castration emerges as a style of preserving high male singing voices. St. Paul'southward dictum prohibited women from singing on phase and in churches. The practice becomes commonplace by 1574.

1588

The English language Madrigal School is firmly established. The movement, led past Thomas Morley, produces some of the virtually delightful secular music ever heard. Madrigals ofttimes told stories of love or grief.

1590–1604

A group of musicians and intellectuals get together in Count Giovanni de Bardi's camerata (salon) and discuss and experiment with music drama. It is during this menstruation that opera is born. Jacopo Peri's Dafne, the first Italian opera, is produced in 1598 and Euridice in 1600.

c. 1600

The Bizarre period, characterized by strict musical forms and highly ornamental works, begins in Europe. This menstruation signals the end of the Renaissance.

1607

Italian master composer Claudio Monteverdi writes the opera Orfeo, Favola in Musica, a work deemed to exist a prime example of the early Baroque musical form.

1625

Francesca Caccini, who most historians say is the offset female composer, finishes the opera-ballet La Liberazione di Ruggiero, which is performed at a reception for Wladyslaw Iv of Poland.

1631

Professional female singers appear for the first time on the English language stage in the product of Chloridia, a court masque produced past Ben Jonson and Inigo Jones.

1639

The first comic opera, Chi Soffre Speri by Virgilio Mazzocchi and Marco Marazzoli, premieres in Rome.

1656

Henry Lawes and Matthew Locke add together music to William Davenant'due south libretto The Siege of Rhodes, which is performed at the Rutland House in London. Davenant helps make the opera-masque a form of public entertainment.

1666

The starting time signed Stradivarius violins emerge from Antonio Stradivari's workshop in Cremona, Italy.

1675

Matthew Locke composes Psyche, the first surviving English opera.

1685

Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederick Handel are born. They go main classical composers of the Baroque period. Bach, who fathers xx children, explores musical forms associated with the church and Handel works equally a dramatic composer.

1689

Henry Purcell's Dido and Aeneas opens in London.

1703

Vivaldi becomes violin master at Venice's La Pieta orphanage. He writes more than then 400 concertos for La Pieta in his 35-twelvemonth service there.

1705

Reinhard Keiser uses French horns for the get-go time in opera in his production of Octavia.

1725

Vivaldi writes The Iv Seasons.

1733

The comic opera, La Serva Padrona, from Battista Pergolesi's serious opera Il Prigionier Superbo, wows Europe with its humorous story and enchanting music.

1735

Handel produces his last corking operatic success, Alcina, which features dancer Marie Salle.

1742

Handel'southward Messiah premieres in Dublin to an enthusiastic audience.

1750

Bach dies. The end of the Bizarre period is often seen in conjunction with his death. The highly ornate way of the Baroque period gives rise to the more than simple, clarified styles of the Classical menstruum, which sees the emergence of symphonies and string quartets.

1761

Franz Joseph Haydn becomes Vice-Kapellmeister to the Esterhazy family and Kapellmeister in 1766. Though living virtually as a slave to the family, he had at his disposal an impressive orchestra. During his xxx-year service to the family, he completes 108 symphonies, 68 cord quartets, 47 piano sonatas, 26 operas, 4 oratorios and hundreds of smaller pieces.

1762

Christoph Willibald von Glück sets out to reform opera with his Orfeo ed Euridice. He wants to restore opera to what the original composers intended it to exist—an art form marked by high drama, few recitatives and orchestral ready-pieces.

1786

Mozart'southward The Marriage of Figaro premieres in Vienna.

1787

Mozart's Don Giovanni debuts in Prague.

1797

Franz Peter Schubert is born in Vienna. Though many musicians make Vienna their domicile, Schubert is the just i to be born there.

1803

Beethoven produces his third symphony, Eröica. This slice marks the beginning of the Romantic period, in which the formality of the Classical period is replaced by subjectivity.

1807

Beethoven completes his Symphony No. v, which many consider to be the almost popular classical work ever written.

1810

Robert Schumann is built-in in Deutschland.

1815

Schubert writes "Der Erlkönig," his first public success and most famous vocal.

1816

Gioacchino Rossini'due south The Barber of Seville, based on Pierre Beaumarchais's play, debuts in Rome. His Otello opens in Naples.

1818

Beethoven's hearing has deteriorated so badly that he no longer tin can hear the pianoforte and must communicate with chat books.

1821

Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischutz debuts in Berlin, and he becomes the master of German language opera.

1826

Mendelssohn writes the overture to A Midsummer Dark's Dream, which debuts in Stettin in 1827.

1832

Schumann's career every bit a pianist is over every bit one of his fingers becomes paralyzed.

1839

The New York Philharmonic is established.

1851

Verdi's Rigoletto debuts in Venice.

1853

Richard Wagner publishes the librettos to Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring Cycle): Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Seigfried and Die Götterdämerung. The Ring Wheel is considered one of the nearly ambitious musical projects ever undertaken by a unmarried person.

1854

Liszt conducts the first operation of his symphonic poems in Weimar. The symphonic poem is an orchestral work, often in one movement, and is normally based on a literary idea. Liszt is credited with creating the genre. His symphonic poems include Orpheus, Les Preludes and Mazeppa.

c. 1860

The slave merchandise introduces West African rhythms, work songs, chants and spirituals to America, which strongly influence blues and jazz.

Gustav Mahler is born in Bohemia.

1871

Verdi'southward Aïda premieres in Cairo.

1874

Verdi's Requiem, his almost respected work, premieres in Milan.

1876

Tchaikovsky completes Swan Lake. It opens in 1877 at Moscow'southward Bolshoi Theatre.

Wagner's The Band Cycle is performed in full at the Bayreuth Festival. The opera house was built to accomodate Wagner'due south works.

Johannes Brahms completes his Kickoff Symphony. 20 years in the making, the symphony received mixed reviews but would go i of the near popular e'er written.

1877

Thomas Edison invents sound recording.

Camille Saint-Saën'south Samson et Dalila debuts in Weimar.

1878

Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.

1880

John Paine'due south symphony, In Spring, debuts in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is the start American symphony published in the United States.

Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture, commemorating Russia'due south defeat of Napoleon.

1881

The Boston Symphony Orchestra is established.

1882

The Berlin Philharmonic is established.

1883

The Metropolitan Opera House opens in New York.

1885

Gilbert and Sullivan finish The Mikado, which premieres in London.

1888

Strauss writes the symphonic poem, Don Juan, which brings him international fame.

1890

Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty debuts in Leningrad.

1891

Carnegie Hall opens in New York.

1893

Dvorak composes his best and near pop work, From the New World.

1896

Ragtime, a combination of West Indian rhythm and European musical form, is born.

1900

Jean Sibelius'south Finlandia premieres in Helsinki.

1901

Mahler'southward Fourth Symphony, his near popular, debuts in Munich.

1902

Claude Debussy introduces impressionism to music in Pelléas and Mélisande at the Opéra Comique in Paris.

1904

The London Symphony Orchestra is established.

1908

A major alter in classical-music manner comes nearly with the release of Arnold Schoenberg'south Book of Hanging Gardens. The harmony and tonality characteristic of classical music are replaced by dissonance, creating what many listeners consider to be noise.

1910

Igor Stravinsky completes The Firebird for Sergei Diaghilev'due south Ballets Russes. Stravinsky will become one of the greatest composers of the 20th century.

1911

Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier premieres in Dresden.

1913

Billboard magazine publishes a list of the most pop vaudeville songs. It's the predecessor to their trademark charts.

1916

Charles Ives finishes his Fourth Symphony, his defining piece.

1919

Later moving from its southern rural roots, jazz establishes Chicago equally its capital. The city will become habitation to such jazz greats as trumpeter Louis Armstrong and pianist Jelly Roll Morton.

1923

"Queen of the Blues" Bessie Smith records her first vocal, "Downward Hearted Blues," which becomes an immediate success.

1924

The Juilliard School opens in New York.

Maurice Ravel's Bolero opens in Paris.

George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue premieres in New York.

1925

Alban Berg'southward Wozzeck opens in Berlin.

1932

Jazz composer Duke Ellington writes "It Don't Mean a Thing, If It Ain't Got That Swing," a song that presaged the swing era of the 1930s and 1940s.

1933

Laurens Hammond introduces his Hammond organ.

1936

Electric guitars debut.

1937

Bela Bartok's masterpiece, Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta, premieres in Basel.

The Glenn Miller Band debuts in New York.

1938

Roy Acuff joins the Grand Ole Opry and brings national recognition to the Nashville-based radio program.

1942

Bing Crosby releases "White Christmas," from the moving-picture show Holiday Inn. The song goes on to be the all-fourth dimension, acme-selling song from a film.

RCA Victor sprays aureate over Glenn Miller'south million-copy-seller Chattanooga Choo Choo, creating the first "gold record."

1945

Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes premieres in London, which signals the rebirth of British opera.

1948

Columbia Records introduces the 33 ane/3 LP ("long playing") tape at New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Information technology allows listeners to enjoy an unprecedented 25 minutes of music per side, compared to the 4 minutes per side of the standard 78 rpm record.

1949

45 rpm records are sold in the U.S.

1951

In an endeavour to introduce rhythm and blues to a broader white audience, which was hesitant to embrace "black music," disc jockey Alan Freed uses the term rock 'n' roll to describe R&B.

Elliott Carter composes his String Quartet No. 1 and becomes a leading avant-garde composer of the 20th century.

1954

Beak Haley and the Comets begin writing hit songs. Every bit a white band using black-derived forms, they venture into rock 'n' roll.

Pierre Boulez completes Le Marteau Sans Maître (The Hammer Without a Master).

1956

With many hit singles (including "Heartbreak Hotel"), Elvis Presley emerges as one of the earth's first stone stars. The gyrating rocker enjoys fame on the stages of the Milton Berle, Steve Allen and Ed Sullivan shows, besides every bit in the get-go of his many movies, Love Me Tender.

1957

Leonard Bernstein completes Westward Side Story.

1958

Billboard debuts its Hot 100 chart. Ricky Nelson'south "Poor Little Fool" boasts the first No. 1 record.

Elvis Presley is inducted into the U.S. Regular army (March 24).

1959

The National University of Recording Arts and Sciences sponsors the starting time Grammy Laurels ceremony for music recorded in 1958.

Frank Sinatra wins his first Grammy Accolade — All-time Anthology for Come Dance with Me.

1960

John Coltrane forms his ain quartet and becomes the vox of jazz's New Wave motility.

1961

Patsy Cline releases "I Autumn to Pieces" and "Crazy." The success of the songs help her cantankerous over from state to pop.

1963

A wave of Beatlemania hits the U.Grand. The Beatles, a British band composed of John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney, take Britain by storm.

The Rolling Stones sally every bit the anti-Beatles, with an ambitious, blues-derived manner.

1964

Folk musician Bob Dylan becomes increasingly pop during this fourth dimension of social protest with songs expressing objection to the condition of American society.

The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show.

1967

The Beatles release their break-through concept anthology, Sergeant Pepper's Lone Hearts Club Band.

Psychedelic bands such as The Grateful Expressionless and Jefferson Airplane savour smashing success during this menses with songs jubilant the counterculture of the '60s.

1969

In August, more than half a million people attend the Woodstock music festival in Bethel, N.Y. (near Woodstock, N.Y.) Performers include Janis Joplin; Jimi Hendrix; The Who; Joan Baez; Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Jefferson Airplane; and Sly and the Family Stone.

A Rolling Stones fan is killed at the group's Altamont, California, concert by members of the Hell'south Angels.

1970

The Beatles pause up. By the finish of the year, each member had released a solo album.

1971

Jim Morrison dies in Paris at age 27 (July iii).

The Allman Brothers' Duane Allman dies in a motorcycle blow at age 24. (Oct. 29).

1972

Women boss the 1971 Grammy Awards, taking all four meridian categories. Carole Male monarch won Tape, Album and Vocal of the Year, while Carly Simon takes the Best New Artist honor.

1973

The Jamaican film The Harder They Come, starring Jimmy Cliff, launches the popularity of reggae music in the U.s..

1974

Patti Smith releases what is considered to be the first punk stone unmarried, "Hey Joe." Punk roars out of Britain during the tardily-'70s, with bands such as the Sex activity Pistols and the Clash expressing nihilistic and unconventional views in response to a lack of opportunity in Britain, boredom, and antipathy for the banal music of the solar day.

1976

Philip Glass completes Einstein on the Embankment, the first widely known example of minimalist composition.

1977

Sat Night Fever sparks the disco inferno.

Elvis Presley dies at Graceland, his Memphis, Tenn. home. He was 42.

1978

Sony introduces the Walkman, the first portable stereo.

1979

The Sugar Hill Gang releases the first commercial rap striking, "Rapper's Delight," bringing rap off the New York streets and into the popular music scene. Rap originated in the mid 1970s every bit rhyme spoken over an instrumental runway provided past snatches of music from records. Over the decades, rap becomes one of the about important commercial and artistic branches of pop music.

1980

John Lennon of the Beatles shot expressionless in New York City.

1981

MTV goes on the air running around the clock music videos, debuting with "Video Killed the Radio Star."

1982

Michael Jackson releases Thriller, which sells more 25 million copies, becoming the biggest-selling album in history.

1983

With the introduction of noise-free meaty discs, the vinyl record begins a steep pass up.

1984

Led by Bob Geldof, the band Ring Aid releases "Do They Know It'due south Christmas," with proceeds of the single going to feed the starving in Africa.

1985

Madonna launches her start road testify, the Virgin Tour.

Dozens of top-name musicians and bands perform at the Live Aid concerts in Philadelphia and London. The shows benefit African dearth victims.

1987

Though African, Latin American,and other genres of international music have been around for centuries, a group of small, London-based labels coin the term "earth music," which helps record sellers discover rack space for the eclectic music.

1988

CDs outsell vinyl records for the start time.

1990

Euro dance band Milli Vanilli admits to lip-synching hits such as "Girl You Know Its True," and has its Grammy laurels revoked.

1991

Seattle band Nirvana releases the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit" on the LP Nevermind and enjoys national success. With Nirvana'due south hit comes the grunge motion, which is characterized by distorted guitars, dispirited vocals,and lots of flannel.

1992

Compact discs surpass cassette tapes equally the preferred medium for recorded music.

1994

Woodstock '94 commemorates the original weekend-long concert. Light-green Day and 9 Inch Nails join Woodstock veterans including Santana and Joe Cocker.

1995

The Stone and Roll Hall of Fame Museum opens in Cleveland. Renowned architect I. G. Pei designed the ultra-modern, 150,000 square-foot building.

Grateful Dead frontman Jerry Garcia dies.

1996

Janet Jackson becomes the highest-paid musician in history when she signs an $80-million deal with Virgin Records.

Jazz smashing Ella Fitzgerald dies.

1998

Legendary crooner Frank Sinatra dies of a centre attack at age 82.

1999

The merger of two major recording labels, Universal and Polygram, causes upheaval in the recording industry. Information technology is estimated that the new company, Universal Music Group, controls 25% of the worldwide music market.

Woodstock '99 kicks off in Rome, N.Y. Concertgoers complain that the spirit of the original Woodstock has been compromised and commercialized.

2000

The Cyberspace transforms music scene as companies offer free music over the Internet without paying copyright fees. Music industry executives accept the consequence to court. A ruling prompts Napster to stop distributing copyrighted music costless and team upwards with manufacture behemothic Bertelsmann to provide textile for a fee.

2003

Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which allows people to download songs for 99 cents each.

2007

Record Store Day is founded during a meeting of tape store owners in Baltimore. It becomes an annual international celebration of the independently owned record shop held every third Saturday in April.

2009

Michael Jackson, the pop icon, dies suddenly in Los Angeles, California, on June 25, 2009, of cardiac arrest. His death stunned fans effectually the world. He had been set to embark on a comeback tour at the time of his death.

2011

Troubled vocalist Amy Winehouse dies on July 23 later a very public boxing with drug and alcohol abuse. Praised by critics for revitalizing the music scene in Britain and a trailblazer for other female person artists, Winehouse is 27 when she dies, passing abroad at the same age as rock stars Kurt Cobain, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison.

2011

One of the biggest pop singing sensations of all-fourth dimension, Whitney Houston, is found expressionless in her room at the Beverly Hills Hilton. Her death comes on the eve of the Grammy Awards and while a pre-Grammy party is being held downstairs at the hotel. The cause of Houston's expiry is later ruled an accidental drowning. One of the world'due south acknowledged artists from the mid80s through the belatedly 1990s, Houston is also known for her picture work, including The Babysitter (1992) with Kevin Costner. The film'southward soundtrack has sold more than 42 meg copies in the globe and includes "I Will E'er Dearest You," arguably Houston'south best loved song.

2013

Vinyl records continue to make a strong comeback. While CD sales decline 14.5% and digital sales decline ii%, vinyl sales increase 33.5% for the yr. According to Nielsen SoundScan, for the sixth consecutive year, the music industry sees an increment in vinyl sales. In fact, more vinyl albums are purchased in 2013 than any other year since Nielsen SoundScan started keeping score.

(source: http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0151192.html)

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